Table: Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes

Type Revised Classification Clinical Features Inheritance Molecular Defect Testing
I:Gravis Classical type Soft, velvety, hyperextensible skin;easy bruising; "cigarette paper" scarsprematurity AD COL5A1, COL5A2 mutations COL5A1 and COL5A2 sequencing studies (not available in CDL)
II: Mitis Classical type Similar to EDS type I but less severeSoft, hyperextensible skin, joint hypermobility, bruising, normal scar formation AD(AR, rare)AR COL5A1, COL5A2 mutations COL5A1 and COL5A2 sequencing studies (not available in CDL)
III: Familial hypermobility Hypermobility type Soft skin, no scarring, marked large and small joint hypermobility AD Not known(Rare: COL3A1 G637S) None
IV: Arterial Vascular type Thin, translucent skin with visible veins; marked bruising; skin and jointshave normal extensibility; arterial, bowel and uterine rupture. AD COL3A1 mutations 1.  Collagen screening of cultured fibroblasts; mutation identification for patients with positive protein studies.
2.  COL3A1 genomic DNA testing.
V: X-linked Removed to "Other" category Similar to EDS type II XLR Not known None
VI: Ocular Ocular-scoliotic type Soft, velvety, hyperextensible skin;hypermobile joints, scoliosis; ocular fragility and keratoconus AR PLOD1 gene mutations Urinary pyridinoline cross-links screening. (not avail in CDL)
VII: A and B Arthrochalasis multiplex congenita
C: Dermatosparaxis
Arthrochalasia type Congenital hip dislocation, joint hypermobility; soft skin with normalscarringVery soft, fragile, bruisable skin, marked joint hypermobility, blue sclerae, small jaw, hypertrichosis AD
AR
A: COL1A1 exon 6 splice site mutations;
B: COL1A2 exon 6 splice site mutations
C: PNPI gene mutations
Collagen screening of cultured fibroblasts identifies EDS VIIA, EDS VIIB and EDS VIIC. Targeted molecular testing of COL1A1/2 exon 6.
VIII: Periodontal Removed to "other category" Generalized periodontitis; skin similar to EDS type II AD Not known None
IX: X-linked cutis laxa; occipital horn syndrome Removed from EDS phenotypes Soft, extensible, lax skin; bladder diverticulae and rupture; short arms, limited pronation and supination, broad clavicles, occipital horns XLR ATP7A gene mutations, allelic to Menkes syndrome Serum copper and ceruloplasm studies. (not available in CDL)
X: Fibronectin defect Removed to "other" category Similar to EDS type II AR Defect in fibronectin None
Modified from Byers 2000 in The Metabolic & Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease